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10 The mountains were covered by its shadow,
the highest cedars[a] by its branches.
11 Its branches reached the Mediterranean Sea,[b]
and its shoots the Euphrates River.[c]
12 Why did you break down its walls,[d]
so that all who pass by pluck its fruit?[e]

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Footnotes

  1. Psalm 80:10 tn Heb “cedars of God.” The divine name אֵל (ʾel, “God”) is here used in an idiomatic manner to indicate the superlative.
  2. Psalm 80:11 tn Heb “to [the] sea.” The “sea” refers here to the Mediterranean Sea.
  3. Psalm 80:11 tn Heb “to [the] river.” The “river” is the Euphrates River in Mesopotamia. Israel expanded both to the west and to the east.
  4. Psalm 80:12 sn The protective walls of the metaphorical vineyard are in view here (see Isa 5:5).
  5. Psalm 80:12 tn Heb “pluck it.”